Blog de Matemáticas de Patricia Sánchez
Resolución de Problemas: Método de los 8 pasos
MÉTODO
DE LOS OCHO PASOS PARA LA RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS
DATOS
1. Leer
y comprender el problema.2. Realizar un dibujo esquemático del problema incluyendo los datos conocidos con sus unidades de medida.
3. Escribir los datos conocidos con sus valores y unidades de medida.
4. Escribir las incógnitas, con sus símbolos y unidades de medida.
5. Escribir las fórmulas o ecuaciones que se necesiten.
6. Indicar los pasos a seguir (aplicación de leyes, cambios de unidades, cálculo de variables intermedias, despejar incógnitas, etc...), justificándolos y numerándolos.
7. Realizar las sustituciones necesarias y procedimientos con sus unidades de medida.
8. Resultado. Interpretación de los resultados obtenidos con sus unidades de medida.
COMPROBACIÓN
+ Dos pasos de control
10. Análisis del resultado o resultados.
Information
1. Read and understand the problem.
2. Make a schematic
drawing of the problem, including
the known data with its units of measurement.
3. Write down the known data with its
values and units of measurement.
4. Write down the unknown data with its
symbols and units of measurement.
5. Note down any formulas or equations
that are needed.
Operation
6. Indicate the number of steps to follow, i.e. application of laws, changes of
units, calculation of intermediate variables, obvious unknown information etc.,
and justify them.
7. Carry out the necessary method and substitutions with their units of measure.
Solution
8. Result.
Interpret the obtained results with their units of measurement.
Checking
+ Two control steps
10. Analyse
the result(s).
NASA Exercise: Survival on the Moon
ACTIVITY
Your Ranking NASA Ranking
_______ Box of matches _______
_______ Food concentrate _______
_______ 50 feet of nylon rope _______
_______ Parachute silk _______
_______ Portable heating unit _______
_______ Two .45 caliber pistols _______
_______ One case of dehydrated milk _______
_______ Two 100 lb. tanks of oxygen _______
_______ Stellar map _______
_______ Self-inflating life raft _______
_______ Magnetic compass _______
_______ 20 liters of water _______
_______ Signal flares _______
_______ First aid kit, including injection needle _______
_______ Solar-powered FM receiver-transmitter _______
Scoring:
For each item, mark the number of points that your score differs from the
NASA ranking, then add up all the points. Disregard plus or minus
differences. The lower the total, the better your score.
0 - 25 excellent
26 - 32 good
33 - 45 average
46 - 55 fair
56 - 70 poor -- suggests use of Earth-bound logic
71 - 112 very poor – you’re one of the casualties of the space program!
... published in the July 1999 issue of the NightTimes
Scenario:
You are a member of a space crew originally scheduled to rendezvous with a
mother ship on the lighted surface of the moon. However, due to mechanical
difficulties, your ship was forced to land at a spot some 200 miles from the
rendezvous point. During reentry and landing, much of the equipment aboard
was damaged and, since survival depends on reaching the mother ship, the
most critical items available must be chosen for the 200-mile trip. Below are
listed the 15 items left intact and undamaged after landing. Your task is to
rank order them in terms of their importance for your crew in allowing them
to reach the rendezvous point. Place the number 1 by the most important item,
the number 2 by the second most important, and so on through number 15 for
the least important.
_______ Box of matches _______
_______ Food concentrate _______
_______ 50 feet of nylon rope _______
_______ Parachute silk _______
_______ Portable heating unit _______
_______ Two .45 caliber pistols _______
_______ One case of dehydrated milk _______
_______ Two 100 lb. tanks of oxygen _______
_______ Stellar map _______
_______ Self-inflating life raft _______
_______ Magnetic compass _______
_______ 20 liters of water _______
_______ Signal flares _______
_______ First aid kit, including injection needle _______
_______ Solar-powered FM receiver-transmitter _______
Scoring:
For each item, mark the number of points that your score differs from the
NASA ranking, then add up all the points. Disregard plus or minus
differences. The lower the total, the better your score.
0 - 25 excellent
26 - 32 good
33 - 45 average
46 - 55 fair
56 - 70 poor -- suggests use of Earth-bound logic
71 - 112 very poor – you’re one of the casualties of the space program!
... published in the July 1999 issue of the NightTimes
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